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Genetic Explanations, by Sheldon Krimsky, Jeremy Gruber
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No longer viewed by scientists as the cell’s fixed master molecule, DNA is a dynamic script that is ad-libbed at each stage of development. What our parents hand down to us is just the beginning. Genetic Explanations urges us to replace our faith in genetic determinism with scientific knowledge about genetic plasticity and epigenetic inheritance.
- Sales Rank: #1408097 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-02-26
- Released on: 2013-02-26
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
A welcome contribution, Genetic Explanations will be a valuable resource for those seeking to sort exaggerated claims about genetic causation from solid scientific achievements. (Troy Duster, author of Backdoor to Eugenics)
Important and optimistic, Genetic Explanations clears the way for an open discourse on human identity in the age of DNA, clearly demonstrating the many ways in which the information in our DNA interacts with our experience over the course of a lifetime. (Robert Pollack, Professor of Biological Sciences and Director of the Center for the Study of Science and Religion, Columbia University)
About the Author
Sheldon Krimsky is Professor of Urban & Environmental Policy & Planning in the School of Arts and Sciences and Adjunct Professor of Public Health & Community Medicine in the School of Medicine at Tufts University.
Jeremy Gruber is President and Executive Director of the Council for Responsible Genetics.
Evelyn Fox Keller is Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at MIT. She is the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship and numerous honorary degrees.
Carl F. Cranor is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Faculty Member of the Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program at the University of California, Riverside.
Jon Beckwith is American Cancer Society Research Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School.
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Interesting but One-sided, Avoiding Key Issues
By Herbert Gintis
When I started working in sociobiology, I incurred deep hostility from my academic colleagues and friends for suggesting that biology had anything to do with human behavior. My inspiration was E. O. Wilson's magnificent 1975 book Sociobiology. This books was mostly about sociality in non-humans (especially ants), but the last chapter was about humans and it got me hooked. Wilson was horribly and unjustly criticized and attacked for this work, even by his Harvard colleagues. See the excellent historical account of Ullica Segerstrale, Defenders of the Truth: The Sociobiology Debate (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
The contributors of this collection claim, with some good reason, that the pendulum has swung too far in the other direction, with genetics being trotted out to explain just about everything concerning human behavior. "Genetics will continue to play a central role in the life sciences," the authors write in the Introduction, "but the evidence suggests a far less reductionist role as scientists fully appreciate the dynamic nature of biological systems and the complex interactions among DNA, proteins, and the environment at all levels of organization within the system." The various contributions to this collection attempt to justify this assessment, with some success.
There is a Monster Anomaly in the literature on the genetics of behavior. On the one hand, the sociobiology of human behavior has matured over the last forty years (my own recent contribution, with Samuel Bowles, is A Cooperative Species, Princeton 2011), and behavioral genetics has shown that many aspects of behavior have high heritability (see Robert Plomin, John C. DeFries, Gerald McClearn and Michael McGuffin, Behavioral Genetics, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2000). On the other hand, no one has discovered particular genes or gene networks that explain more than a miniscule fraction of the variance in behaviors across individuals. Evelyn Fox Keller, in an insightful chapter, notes that when we read that a certain gene explains some aspect of health or physiology, the author almost always means that when the gene mutates or is otherwise inactivated, the result is the deterioration of the characteristic in question. In other words, we don't know what the gene does, but we know what happens when it doesn't do it. That's not saying much, of course. For instance, if I pull the plug on my TV, I know the picture will go dark. That doesn't tell me much about how a TV works.
The contributors to this volume virtually all believe that genetics (phylogeny) must be combined with development (ontogeny), which is the project of so-called Evo-Devo (for an overview, see Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo by Sean B. Carroll). I consider this to be a really important project, but I think this volume is slanted towards critique a straw-man genetic determinism, without really replacing it with anything. The positive message that developmental pathways are highly creative and contingent is not supported by consistent data. Rather, each author in turn provides his or her personal take on what is wrong with genetic explanations. Of course, sociobiologists (like myself) would NEVER say that a behavioral pattern in humans has a "genetic explanation." No such notion has empirical support. Rather, we might say that members of a social species have "genetic predispositions" to behave in certain ways under certain conditions. The contributors appear to me to have found it sufficient to attack journalistic excesses rather than the professional literature.
1 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
For the Defense Bar
By Michael A. Price
The Book is an excellent well documented guide to the mistakes of convictions based on nDNA.
It points out with particularity the many possible and probable mistakes in the process itself.
DNA not ready for prime time.
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